Chapter VI of the Companies Act 2013 containing sections from 77 to 87 and The Companies (Registration of Charges) Rules, 2014 provide the law for registration, modification and satisfaction of Charge.

he Hon'ble Supreme Court in Gammon India Ltd. v. Commissioner of Customs, Mumbai has held that a Joint Venture itself is a legal entity Contrary view by  Delhi High court  in Judgment dated 07.03.2023 in OMP (ENF) (COMM.) No. 188 of 2021  :  a Joint Venture is a quasi-partnership where two or more entities jointly undertake a particular transaction or contract for mutual profit.

Section 20 of the Companies Act 2013 details how notice & any other documents are to be served ‘on’ and ‘by’ a company.

A member or shareholder of an incorporated company is legally responsible for the company's debts and obligations only up to the value of his subscribed shares if the liability of members of the company is limited by the provisions of Memorandum of Association of the Company.

A subsidiary company can hold shares in its holding company: (a) as the legal representative of a deceased member of the holding company; or (b) as a trustee; or (c) if the subsidiary company is a shareholder even before it became a subsidiary company of the holding company.